Dr. Mwaikambo, a medical doctor, is one of the leading senior pediatricians and professor of pediatrics and child health in Tanzania.

She lead the breast cancer country program through the medical women association of Tanzania which she founded in 1987. She was Vice Chancellor of Hubert Kairuki Memorial University.

She is leading the national Polio eradication program. Throughout her career she has championed the role of women in science. As an educator, scientist, and engaged citizen, she is considered a leading public figure in East Africa with extensive knowledge and networking of academic institutions and science organizations.

She is a founding and sole female member of the Tanzania Academy of Sciences (TAAS).

In 2012, she was elected President of TAAS.